第七章 夜话风俗(1 / 2)

张敏妙目一转,道:“上梁是建新屋中要举行的五大仪式之一。这五大仪式是:一,屋场地\"安符师\"仪式;二,\"放水\"(正屋正堂埋地下排水沟)仪式;三、安大门仪式;四,上梁仪式;五,\"落(搬进)新屋\"仪式。为了使\"上梁\"仪式更隆重,更壮观,家境富裕的,往往把\"上梁\"与\"落新屋\"仪式合并举行”。

“别耍话头,你说的这些是仪式,我是问你们上梁的习俗是怎么来的。”

“三叔,你急什么啊!”

张敏视线投向另外一处,朝着坐在一边的秦宇使了一个眼色,才笑嘻嘻地对三叔道:“这个还是叫咱们家的大才子来回答吧!”

张敏对这些仪式了解,也是因为自家当初建新房的时候经历过,可真要她说出个所以然来却是难为她了。

“呃,那我就说说吧,要是不对的地方,小舅你可别嘲笑我啊。”秦宇瞧见表姐的目光,只得接腔开口说道。

“小宇,你就说说,不对的地方小舅给你补充!”张远桥鼓励道。

“其实上梁的习俗自古有之,俗语说:‘房顶有梁,家中有粮,房顶无梁,六畜不旺’人们认为梁安得正、安得稳、安得闹,才能兴旺家业。而且古时候对于梁木也是有着严格的选择的,必须是圆直的梁木,不能歪斜,这样的梁木才能用做上梁……”

秦宇凯凯而谈,在大学期间他就对这些民间习俗很感兴趣,也进行过一些了解和调查。

“不错,上梁的寓意你说对了,那你知道上梁都有哪些程序不?”

张远桥是一个教书先生,没能难住秦宇,习惯性的就要询问到底。

“嘿嘿,小舅,这个我还真了解过。各地上梁的习俗都不同,就咱们这个地区来讲,上梁得选一个吉日,然后在前一天晚上,由木匠和砌匠师傅把彩梁抬放在新砌房屋厅堂的桌子上,蔸头放东边(即朝左),尾头放在西边(即朝右),接着主人家摆好瓜子水果,陪着师傅们守梁,防止一丝污秽,阴邪之物接近彩梁。

守梁的时候,首先是木工师傅要作出陪梁仪式。他先在茶盘抓上一抓米,往厅堂四面一撒,向梁树作揖后说道:

“此梁此梁,很不平常,栋梁上屋,稳稳当当,红星高照,金碧辉煌。合家吉庆,人丁兴旺,老者长寿,寿比山岗;少者添喜,兰桂腾芳。仕者荣升,鹏鸟高翔;学者荣发,青云直上。万事如意,大吉大昌。”

木工师傅称述了贺梁词后,就是得按规矩出煞了,要找主人讨一杯净水,喝入口中,往梁树上一喷后说道:

“眼看一边,天地开辟,日吉时良,皇帝子孙,砌造华堂,安居适宜,凶神退位,恶煞潜匿。此间陪梁,永远吉昌。一声槌响透天上,万圣千贤陪大梁,天煞快归天上云,地煞顺水下洛阳。”

秦宇的声音抑扬顿挫,随着嗞嗞作响的炭火声,传入众人耳中,众人脑海都能浮现出木工师傅吟词的生动场景。

“很好,没想到小宇你对上梁的习俗这么了解,继续说下去,也给他们长长知识,这些老传统现在的年轻人是没几个人懂了。”

张远桥很满意秦宇的表现,不过正如他所说的,现在的年轻人对于传统的了解实在是太少了,这些东西恐怕再过个几十年,等老一辈的人去世后,就要彻底消失了。

“我以前只知道上梁的仪式挺复杂的,没想到还有这么多讲究。”这是秦宇的另外一位表哥出声感叹。

秦宇点了点头,对于小舅说的话他也认可,现在的青年追求的目标不同,快节奏的生活让这些古老的繁琐习俗没有几个人去用心了解了。

“出煞以后,来客和主人一起坐在厅堂陪梁,到半夜后,就备办酒肴招待陪梁的人宵夜喝酒,主人对木工、砌匠师傅更要厚礼款待,往往是炖肘子感谢他们的辛勤劳作,新屋主人得陪木工、砌匠师傅慢酌慢饮,夜宵结束后,时间也临近五更。

这时,木匠师傅把涂成红色的斧头、墨斗、曲尺拿来放在桌子上,三尺斜靠桌子左前方。砌匠师傅也把瓦刀、挂尺拿来放在桌子的右前方。一切准备好后,梁上放上一只大红公鸡,这时,掌墨斗的木工师傅走到桌子前说:“鲁班来得早,此刻上梁好。”接着木工师傅用五谷和笔墨纸张之类物品放在梁木正中,再用红布封梁——紧紧地把梁腰包好,并用红线将包梁红布缝好,便吟唱拴梁词道:

手拿主家一片绫,一丈三尺还有零,

左拴三下增富贵,右拴三下点翰林。

主家人财两兴旺,荣华富贵满门庭。

吟罢,木工和砌匠师傅各举一杯供酒,往头上一举,再往梁树上洒酒三下,同声念道:

<--di--!>
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