第44章 044【调结构 下】(2 / 2)

“嘿嘿,那是那是,主要还是国子监的老师们认真负责。”

“行了,你也甭废话,继续画大饼吧,朕接着听。”

邬阑不禁奇怪:“陛下,您从哪开始听的呀?”

“从柱子就开始了……”

“哦。。。”

四人又回到原位,然后再一帮人挤进来,整个文渊阁书库里顿时显得满满当当。邬阑只得挪到木板那里,站着继续讲解,而李道汝三人也被挤到一边,又显得有些拘束。

“讲哪了?哦对,支出说完了……”

邬阑抽出最后一张纸,同样挂在木板上,展平。

“这就是统计出来的收入构成,诸位可以看看,还是以百为率,其中光田赋就占了百分之90!然后盐课占百分之7,关税占百分之2,杂课占百分之1。”

“刚才分析了收入少的原因之一,是田赋在减少,而田赋又占了总收入的九成,也是导致收入减少的主要原因。那么我不禁就要问了,有没可能不让收入减少呢?”

“你只说了原因之一,还有别的原因吗?”永明帝突然问道。

“呃……有的,只是田赋占主要因素,第二个原因其实要考虑财政收入的货币化问题。”

古德海也随着永明帝一同前来,邬阑他们讨论的是户部财政问题,所以他自然听的很专注。

“这怎么解释?什么叫货币化?”

“银两铜钱宝钞这些统称为货币,财政收入过去以实物为主,自一条鞭法之后,银子才逐渐增多,但占比还是很少。就以去年的户部账来看,收入当中可分为实物收入和货币收入,其中货币收入只占了百分之42,但是再看支出,其货币支出接近百分之50。账虽然可以做平,也可以全部换算成银两,但实际却是要真金白银的拿出来,货币支出多于收入,自然会导致现金流短缺,也就是白银短缺,就会显得捉襟见肘,但是账上却显示不出来。”

古德海听明白了,但灵光一闪,突然想到一个问题:“那要是将俸禄全部改为本色……这个现金流估计能省不少。”

首辅李琚也在场,他一听古德海之言,连着咳嗽几声,以示提醒。

“咳咳,古尚书啊,阑女官刚才也分析了,官员俸禄的支出几乎可以忽略不计,你这样能省几个银子?”

。。。邬阑简直没有语言能够再形容。。。

“嗯哼……邬阑,继续,”永明帝及时发声。

“再回到大饼图,刚才说到田赋收入占了百分之90,那么能不能做一个调整呢?比如增加其他项的收入,减少对田赋的过渡依赖?答案自然是可以。先看盐课,这部分收入相对固定,调整空间不会太大,所以就只有关税和杂课收入。而这两项又有一共同特点:都是对商品或者服务进行征收,可以归为一类,我姑且称之为‘流转税’。”

“为何叫流转?”

为何叫流转?邬阑一下不知怎么解释了,她想了想,干脆这样说:“关税不就是对船进行征收吗?船难道不是流动的?坐商虽然坐着卖,但所售货物却是通过船运来的……”

“哦………………”古德海恍然,却还是没懂。

“咳咳,邬阑,朕知道你的意思了,继续说思路就行。”

“陛下,臣最后再总结一下,要想改变财政入不敷出的窘境,最好是立足于现有的规模,进行结构调整。具体就是增加关税和杂课的占比,减少对田赋的过渡依赖,这就是我们制定发展规划的思路。”

“好,接着说,”

“那么所有的规划都围绕这个思路来,怎么增加关税?怎么增加杂课?不可横征暴敛,就谈怎么提高收税的增量。”

“增量,怎么理解?”永明帝问道。

邬阑没有急着回答,而是静下来思考了片刻,才郑重答道:“陛下,收税,是一个主权国家的权利,同样也是义务。而对于大明的每一个士农工商者来说,缴税是我们的义务,也是权利。”

永明帝微微一笑,道:“何为权利?何为义务?”

“简单点讲,国家收税该收,我作为子民依法纳税,这就是义务。但义务之后,是不是也可以让国家也给点优惠政策呢?能让我的生意越做越红火,钱越挣越多,这样我将来不是纳税也纳的更多吗?当然,也要允许在合法的情况,能合理避税……”

永明帝就知道不能给她机会说话,给她机会就‘胡说’:“行行行~朕知道了,继续!”

“再简单点吧,建立经济开发区!”邬阑也‘毛’了,老不让自己说这是咋回事嘛!

“好!两日后,朕等着你来诏对!”

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