1.173 合浦珠还(1 / 2)

刘备的日常 熏香如风 1079 字 2022-04-20

支渠四通,在水网倍加密集,枝津故渎遍地的三南,有了更深层的含义。先秦一条神来之笔的灵渠,连通珠江与长江二大水系,贯通南中、荆南、岭南三大地域。

而刘备要做的,便是精工细作,爬梳剔抉(pá shū tī jué)。仿蓟国水路,将遍及夷区的河川溪流,连成三级水网。能够行万石、千石、百石机关船。此事,皆交由水衡都尉全权负责。

江南一带,水网密布,后世有“水乡泽国”之称。水运,乃时下最经济高效的交通形式。河道亦是水乡泽国最主要的交通通道。先秦两汉,续力凿穿江南渠道。人员、辎重,多经漕渠输送。事半而功倍。

蓟国在北,沿近海航线,入番禺,合浦,乃至徐闻、比景。再逆入内河航道,便可舟行三南夷区。实无需逆入长江,再顺次南下。蓟国海市船队,则反其道而行之。先入江淮。再分行南北。一路沿湘水、沅水南下,再西行合浦、番禺,乘风出海,北上蓟国。形成商道大回环。

只需开挖漕渠,连通南合浦水与北圭水。好比打通任督二脉,真气从此循环不息。合浦港的重要性,毋庸置疑。如此良港,洛阳朝堂必不舍得割给蓟王。蓟国良工实地勘探后,圈定距合浦港百八十里外的醴水(钦江)入海口(茅尾海),筑造新港。凿渠连通醴水与南廉水(廉江),通合浦港,入合浦水路。又有“醴水在苍梧,环九疑之山。”故,此水乃“南醴水”。

于是刘备取名“南醴港”。

南醴水,河道蜿蜒,水出“六万大山(十万大山)”。经由船上“记里水车”丈量,长约四百三十里。上游谷地土地肥美,林中多生瓜果。南醴水沿岸越人,滨水搭建长屋,船泊廊下。屋脊晾满干果,侧院晒满鱼鲜。日常所用陶器,称“连罐”。有二连罐,三连罐,四连罐之分,是典型的越人盛器。罐中分门别类,盛满干果和鲜果。常有童子数人,聚在廊下,吃着罐中美味。时下连罐,便是后世之果盒。“尉佗(南越王赵佗)献高祖鲛鱼,荔枝,高祖报以蒲桃锦四匹。”以至于“南单于来朝,赐御食及橙橘龙眼荔枝。”换言之,时下岭南特产,已广贩京畿。试想,若无水陆通畅,岭南夏季果蔬,如何能转运数千里,抵达洛阳时,仍新鲜可食。

窥一斑而知全豹。大汉水路之便捷,远超想象。中原大地满是南方水果,以至于“民间厌桔柚”。都吃厌了。除此之外,“犀角、象齿、翡翠、珠玑”等,岭南珍品,亦为世人瞩目。“珠玑象齿出于桂林”,“一揖而中万钟之粟也”。合浦,正是珍珠产地。岭南风物不断北上:“杂香细葛,辄以千数,明珠,大贝,流离,翡翠,玳瑁,犀象之珍,奇物异果,蕉邪龙眼之属,无岁不至。”

而中原物产,亦顺下岭南。

南下汉人,将铁器、陶器、耕牛、种子、技艺等,吃穿用度,衣食住行,播撒岭南。极大促使了当地的进步。和合之风盛行。遍吹大江两岸。

此地夷帅,乃出旁支。种出古南越国。部民皆以采“合浦珠”为业。“合浦民善游,采珠儿年十余岁,使教人水。官禁民采珠,巧盗者蹲水底刮蚌,得好珠,吞而出。”

“(合浦)郡不产谷实,而海出珠宝,与交阯比境,常通商贩,贸籴粮食。先时宰守并多贪秽,诡人采求,不知纪极,珠遂渐徙于交阯郡界。于是行旅不至,人物无资,贫者饿死于道。(孟)尝到官,革易前敝,求民病利。曾未逾岁,去珠复还,百姓皆反其业,商货流通,称为神明。”

意思是说,合浦沿海,盛产珍珠,却不产粮食。当地百姓,皆以采珠为生,以此向交趾换粮。因采珠收益极高,当地官吏便乘机贪赃枉法,盘剥珠民。不顾珠蚌生长规律,一味逼迫珠民过度捕捞。乃至珠蚌逐渐迁移交趾郡海,合浦能捕捞到的,越发稀少,“珠逃交趾”。珠民收入大减,许多人因无钱购粮,而饿死半道。顺帝拜孟尝为合浦太守。孟尝到任后,革除先前种种苛政。不到一年,珠蚌繁衍,“合浦珠还”。

时人便已懂得,封山育林,禁海养珠。“竭泽而渔,岂不获得?而明年无鱼;焚薮而田,岂不获得?而明年无兽。”故“先王之法,不涸泽而渔,不焚林而猎”。

切莫,“竭泽而渔”。切莫,“焚林而田”。

百夷使者北上蓟国,三南人尽皆知。闻蓟国欲在此地造港通渠。日薪二百大钱。夷帅大喜过望。

“凡采珠,常三月,用五牲祈祷。若祠祭有失,则风搅海水,或有大鱼在蚌左右。”饶是如此,亦常遭遇生命之危,“不幸遇恶鱼(鲨鱼),一缕之血浮于水面,舟人恸哭,知其已葬鱼腹也。亦有望恶鱼而急浮,至伤股断臂者”。故唐宋时,合浦人又将珠池(注①)唤做“望断池”。

三月采珠毕。闻可日赚二百大钱,沿岸百姓,纷纷渡舟而来。

水衡都尉,尚在穿渠修闸。连通上下水路。船上匠人见夷人越聚越多,一边好言宽慰,一边遣快船返回通报。

周晖不敢托大。急忙弃舟登岸,翻桂门关,急入合浦港。

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