1.78 城上金乌(1 / 2)

刘备的日常 熏香如风 1082 字 2022-04-20

所谓“子钱家”,乃指放债取息之人。犹言高利贷者。贷出钱后,除收回全部本钱,还能另得一笔不菲的利钱。仿佛“钱能生子”一般。故将本钱称“母钱”,利钱称“子钱”,操此业者,称“子钱家”。

前汉时,长安子钱家毋盐氏(无盐氏),趁吴楚七国兵起,放债取息,成为关中巨富。

《史记·货殖列传》:“吴楚七国兵起时,长安中列侯封君行从军旅,齎贷(jī dài 借贷)子钱,子钱家以为侯邑国在关东,关东成败未决,莫肯与。唯毋盐氏出捐千金贷,其息十之。三月,吴、楚平。一岁之中,则毋盐氏息十倍,用此富关中。”

话说。七国乱时,长安城中“列侯封君”的封邑,多数远在关东。而长安却在关中。远离封邑,鞭长莫及。列候封君一时难以备齐车马、兵器,急需筹钱购买。唯有向长安城中子钱家举债。但因战局如何,尚难判断。长安子钱家,担心关东一旦失守,列侯封君的封邑,便会化为乌有,难以收回贷款。故不愿放贷。

唯毋盐氏,审时度势。以为大汉立朝已过五十载,初期虽也发生过异姓王叛乱,但很快便被荡平。加之秦末汉初,战乱不休,人心思定,叛乱不得人心。故此次同姓王之乱,亦必败无疑。理应抓住千载难逢之机,大赚一笔。然表面上却装作和其他子钱家一样,对战争前景很不乐观,一再向举债者言明:战争何时结束尚难预料,风险无法控制。除非肯出高利,否则绝不出借分文。

列侯封君,急于领兵平乱,于是纷纷以十倍利,从毋盐氏处,共借得一千万钱。巨债压身,如何能不发奋。仅三个月,便荡平七国之乱。列侯封君纷纷还款,毋盐氏因此富埒关中。一千万钱,三个月完成小目标,赚它一个亿。

用后世的观点来看。以毋盐氏为代表的长安子钱家,便是妥妥的银行家的雏形。

尤其对风险和获利的认知,几乎与后世银行家别无二致。即:风险与收益成正比。

子钱家,与一般高利贷者最大的不同。便是他们处于行业内的顶端:只向列侯封君放贷。如此,再想汉文帝四年,“(河阳)侯(陈)信坐不偿人责过六月,夺侯,国除”。当可知,河阳侯陈信,必是向长安子钱家举债未偿,故而被夺侯除国。此事亦足见,子钱家势大。绝非一般商贾。

前汉时如此,今汉亦如此。只是子钱家,也和勋贵一起,从长安搬到了洛阳。

然,今汉不同前汉。列候只坐享其成,无治国理政之权。故洛阳子钱家,开始向次一等的勋贵豪强放贷。

刘备的赀库,亦有此功能。然却面向全部国民。且多是低息,甚至无息贷款。别说十倍利,便是十取一(10%)的利息,都没有过。最高不过千取五(5‰)。

正因子钱家暴利。先帝将卖官鬻爵得来的大量钱币,暗中放给洛阳子钱家。攫取丰厚利润。记录铜钱笔笔去向,契约、券书的《子钱集簿》,便握在张让、赵忠之手。

封谞笑道:“诸大人死到临头,还未醒悟。可知累日来,有多少洛阳权贵,暗地奔走。太皇董太后、太皇窦太后、何太后处,苦主盈门。皆为……”

“我等开罪?”钩盾令宋典,脱口而出。

“呵呵!”封谞一声冷笑:“皆欲诛灭诸大人三族!”

“人死债灭。”张让已醒悟:“只需杀了我等,抄出《子钱集簿》,先帝散出去的无数铜钱,便再无去向。洛阳子钱家,获利何止百倍!”

赵忠却道:“不瞒封常侍,我等之所以苟活于世,便是想凭《子钱集簿》翻身。今若交出,如何保满门老小,一世富贵。”

“也罢。”封谞笑道:“老朽之言,诸位大人已断难再信。如此,便换个人来。”

话音未落,封谞三击掌。

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