1.198 绝席而坐(1 / 2)

刘备的日常 熏香如风 1113 字 2022-04-20

如前所说,百官登朝,联席而坐。以品秩为序。通常而言,文左武右,万石居首。

然,今汉却有特例。另设“三独坐”。

“三独坐”指:尚书令、司隶校尉、御史中丞,在朝会时均专席而坐。百官朝会皆接席,唯此三官独坐一席,以示优宠。亦省作“三独”。

此三独坐,乃位卑权重之典范。

时人席地而坐,一般均联席并坐。唯尊长独席而坐。《礼记·曲礼》:“群居五人,则长者必异席。”郑玄注日:“席以四人为节,因宜有所尊。”孔颖达又疏日:“古者地敷横席而容四人,四人则推长者居席端。若有五人会,应一人别席,因推长者一人於异席也。”因此“父子不同席。”郑玄注日:“异尊卑也”。

一言蔽之:一张草席最多只坐四人。四人若平辈,长者居首。若有五人,长者异席而坐。且父子不同席,以示尊卑。

故汉人眼中的尊卑,不仅有地位之高低,还有传承之先后。正如汉字,往往具有空间和时间的双属性。

除三独坐外,还有“绝席”。

朝会时,除去三独坐,百官均依照秩次,接席而坐。然尊者,却可与他人隔席而坐,是为“绝席”。

《后汉书·张禹传》:“延平元年,迁为太傅,录尚书事。邓太后以殇帝初育,欲令重臣居禁内,乃诏禹舍宫中。给帷帐床褥,太官朝夕进食,五日一归府。每朝见,特赞,与三公绝席。”《通鉴》胡注日:“绝席者,朝位独在百僚上,不与三公联席也。”

“建武八年,中郎将来歙袭略阳,杀隗嚣守将而据其城。”光武甚悦,“于是置酒高会,劳赐歙,班坐绝席,在诸将之右。”来歙攻城拔寨,立有大功。故在诸将之上独坐。

换言之。劳苦功高,立有大功者,得陛下特赐,可于朝会中专席而坐。

先前蓟王独占鳌头,正是“绝席而坐”。

陛下荣宠是其一。蓟王功大是其二。亦遵循今汉旧制。

陛下翌日下诏,许蓟王兴建函陵。

蓟王在城西前大将军梁冀菟园中大兴土木,于是便依法依规,合情合理。

“陵寝”又称“陵园”。足见其大。亦足见其美。尤其时人事死如事生,兴厚葬风俗。地下为陵寝,地上为宫殿。陵园的制式为:“东帝西后”。东为帝陵,西为后陵。帝陵东侧,多为陪葬墓群。园中除去预留足够墓地,陪葬先帝老臣。还就近建有陵邑,安置守陵人。

《汉书·宣帝纪》载:本始元年(前73年)正月,募郡国吏民“訾百万以上(资产百万以上)”徙平陵,二年又“以水衡钱为平陵,徙民起第宅”。

换言之。刘备在王陵内大兴土木,符合时人厚葬风俗。且将王陵修在洛阳西郭,用意不言自喻。蓟王欲效仿周公,辅佐汉室。鞠躬尽瘁,死而后已。

能为国君守陵,亦是莫大的荣誉。待函陵建好,蓟国高官、富商、豪杰,便会纷至沓来。迁居陵邑,为蓟王守陵。此,亦是祖制。无可指摘。园中囤聚守陵兵丁,更实属平常。一切都如此完美。

有了函陵,刘备便可置“函园贵人”。函园贵人,属于“诸园贵人”。

话说,陛下继位后,追尊父刘苌为孝仁皇,因皇陵名“慎陵”,故尊母董氏为“慎园贵人”。

于是乎,必先有陵园,后才能封诸园贵人。

诸园贵人,即是枕边人,又是守陵人。刘备已想好,函园贵人,自当封给以希雷娅女王为首的亚马逊。

修建王陵,非一日之功。甚至穷毕生之力,亦不在少数。陛下初登基,便着手修建皇陵。足见一斑。然,函陵却是距洛阳城最近的一座陵邑。不过五里之遥。陛下将这块前朝的不毛之地,高价售出,看似占了大便宜。然对蓟王而言,在帝国心腹之地有一座专属自己的城邑,其获利又何止千百倍。所获利益,不仅有实物,还有看不见的政治影响力。

大国营城,气象自不一般。待园中阳港建成。盐渍大木成船运来。凡洛阳市面上能够买到的诸材,就近装车、装船,源源不断运入园中。蓟王当面,何必谈钱。

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