1.107 铸造新币(1 / 2)

刘备的日常 熏香如风 1071 字 2022-04-20

数月前,刘备上表回国。临行前,陛下赐予“四出文五铢钱铜母范”,授以新币铸造之权。

刘备一直无暇他顾。如今,五路贼兵尽退,又逢黄巾逆乱,南北交通日益断绝。这便想铸钱备用。

郡国铸币亦非陛下首创。

前汉时,郡国皆有铸币权。

武帝元狩五年,诏令各郡国铸行五铢钱。称:“郡国五铢”,或“元狩五铢”。因其材料改用紫铜,又有“紫绀钱”之称。

但因各国技术水平不同,铜矿成分亦有差,故而所铸五铢钱亦千差万别。且偷工减料严重,多不足五铢重,且越铸越轻,越铸越粗劣。武帝遂于元鼎二年,收回各郡国铸币权。改由朝廷统一铸造,统一发行,防止恶币泛滥。

开铸于元鼎二年初的钟官五铢,因币材多用赤铜。色红(含铜量在70%以上,含铅量约20%),以一当五行用,世称“赤仄五铢”。

“赤仄钱,以赤铜为其郭,钱紺色也。”

赤仄五铢以赤铜为质,精磨之后郭边尽赤。“赤仄(侧)”,意为将外郭锉平之意,此亦为赤仄(侧)钱名之由来。赤仄五铢周郭深圆而磨滤精湛,穿径方正,工艺精整。铜色殷赤纯净,色呈黑漆古,钱面无瘢垢瑕疵之弊。

刘备此次铸币,所用便是赤铜。

奈何铜矿价高。即便刘备手握铸币之权,然从各地铜官处贩来足量铜矿石,原料价值已远超五铢钱币值。得不偿失。

刘备便想到了自己开采铜矿,以求尽可能减少成本。一问方知,原来时下采矿业已十分发达。

“今汉家铸钱,及诸铁官皆置吏卒徒,攻山取铜铁,一岁功十万人已上……”,

每年,有十万余人去“攻山取铜铁”,所凿矿井深达“数百丈”。武帝时,全国设铁官四十九处,盐、铁官所在地即是重要的钢铁冶炼基地。时较有名的五十四个采矿点广泛分布于三十一个郡国之内。开采的矿石种类,亦有所增加。以铜为例,汉以前开采的铜矿石主要是孔雀石、自然铜、赤铜矿和蓝铜矿。前汉时又增加了硫化铜。矿井中,运输矿石的工具亦有显著进步,出现了和后世手工煤窑用的四轮小斗车类似的铁轮矿车。

距离最近的一处铜矿,位于右北平郡俊靡县,燕山山麓。南距临乡约六百里。前汉时此地矿业兴盛,两汉之交,随鲜卑强盛,乌桓内迁,今已废弃。乃右北平乌桓天然牧场。右北平乌桓大人乌延,称汗鲁王,受封单于。与刘备有通家之好。

真是天助我也。

刘备这便去信大舅哥。言,欲遣工匠前往燕山开矿,请乌延出兵护佑。乌延爽快答应,可也。

工匠很快便在燕山山麓,找到了埋没于荒草间的前汉矿区。细细查看后,上报刘备,只需稍加修缮,便可复采。

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