1.20 五供九宾(1 / 2)

刘备的日常 熏香如风 1078 字 2022-04-20

蔡邕《独断》:“正月上丁(正月上旬的丁日),祠南郊,礼毕,次北郊、明堂、高祖庙、世祖庙,谓之五供。五供毕,以次上陵也。”

所谓‘五供’,便是指五个重要的正月祭祀活动。在京的“九宾”,皆要参与其中。

《后汉书·礼仪志上》:“大鸿胪设九宾,随立殿前。”“九宾谓王、侯、公、卿、二千石、六百石下及郎、吏、匈奴侍子,凡九等。”换句话说,宗室诸刘、百蛮贡职、众郡奉计,中的不少人,要参加完‘上陵礼’,方能打道回府。

陛下让刘备留京,也是遵循惯例。

别无不同。

刘备乃是列候,‘五供’自要参加。大鸿胪属下治礼郎,已来府中传授刘备必要的祭祀礼仪。好在类似这样的大祭,参与人数众多。只需随大流,便可过关。刘备自幼家教甚严,亦不曾短了礼节。

府中只有七婢、两位义弟,三位家臣,及百余护卫。主簿贾诩甚是空闲。多在中庭三层书房,为刘备整理平羌手札。

段太尉的平羌手札,总结起来四个字:恩威并济。

对内附的羌人,安抚善待。对反叛的羌人,尽数诛灭。

刘备粗略统计了下,自桓帝延熹二年,继任护羌校尉,到再任破羌将军的几年间。死于他刀下的羌人,竟达十万之数!甚至有四千人叛变而诛杀三千人的纪录。理由诸如:羌人“诛之不尽”、“上天震怒,假手行诛”等等。

这与刘备只诛首恶,善待从众的观点相悖。

但刘备也能理解。

时下汉庭不比先前。国力已无法承受羌人野火燎原般,不断涌现的反叛浪潮。许多地区,同一部族,今日平又明日反。反反复复,朝廷无论是安抚还是讨伐,皆要耗费大量资源。

正如《后汉书·西羌传》所录。安帝永初元年羌乱初起的十多年间,共耗费军资二百四十亿。顺帝永和后数年间,为八十余亿。桓帝建和后十多年间,计四十四亿。

单此三笔军费支出,远超汉庭每年例行赏赐南匈奴的一亿九千余万。以及维持西域稳定延续丝绸商道的七千四百万。

羌乱蜂起的一百五十余年间,三辅地区战死沙场的青壮,死于战乱的饥民,已无可计数。何止民生凋敝,根本就是赤野千里。

光武帝建武九年,狄道复置护羌校尉,名将马援随之平定羌乱。此后凡投降内附汉庭者,皆被安置在天水、陇西、扶风三郡。称东羌。

汉人数量骤减。而羌人种辈激增。

良田皆成荒地。

于是。前汉时堪称帝国心脏的关中三辅,便因今汉迁都洛阳,帝国东顾,而被轻易划为羌族居留区。

自此。内徙羌人,一波波连续不断。甚至曾出现“和帝永元六年,蜀郡徼外大牂夷种羌豪造头等率种人五十余万口内属,拜造头为邑君长,赐印绶”的记载。

此消彼长。汉人不断减少,羌人越来越多。

汉文明随之弱势。

没有强权支撑,汉化难以为继。羌人的汉化程度,甚至连南匈奴都不如。

怎么办。

杀。

以暴制暴。以杀平乱。

贾诩甚至诈说自己是段颎外孙,便可逃命。足见段太尉在羌人中的赫赫凶名。

在刘备看来,羌乱已渐从外患转为内乱。

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