第16章又多雨(1 / 2)

北魏天骄 沈不渡 0 字 2021-07-20

窗外不知何时,淅淅沥沥地下起了秋雨。

点点滴滴的秋雨开始变得越下越大,不过须臾,天地间似乎只剩下了雨点与石砖迸溅的声音,单调而宁静。

小冰河期啊...

元冠受抽了抽鼻子,想到现在寒冷的天气,就有些发憷。

小柴胡以为他姿势不舒服,给元冠受的枕头挪了挪位置,让他躺的更加舒服一点。值得一提的是,元冠受用的枕头是让小柴胡用麦麸和布帛做的,远比当世硬邦邦的石枕、瓷枕要舒服的多。

元冠受也尝试把全新的枕头推广向市场,只不过没成功而已。百姓们完全无法接受更加柔软的奇怪枕头,贵族们也对此嗤之以鼻,不仅人觉得麦麸这种东西有麦毒,而且柔软的枕头简直让人无法接受。

当然了,元冠受是理解不了所谓的“麦毒”又是什么意思,河洛平原一带种植了不少的小麦,比例这些年来甚至渐渐超过了粟米,只不过人们还不会用它来制作成美味的美食罢了,连石磨碾麦粉的技术都不是很普及。

烧饼和面条,从西域传了过来,但是还未被当世的人们所接受。真是可惜,如果以后有机会,元冠受一定要大力推广一下后世的各种美食。

至于河洛一带多种小麦,倒不是因为其他原因,只是因为在南北朝恶劣的自然气候条件下,小麦可以种两季,在土壤肥力较高、有效种植面积较广阔的河北平原和河洛平原,自然淘汰掉了粟米。因为粟米只能种一季,农民种植粟米收获会比小麦少很多。

不过北魏的府兵制还好,跟后来的西魏隋唐不同,当兵的大多数都是鲜卑人,汉人在农业中占据的比例还是非常大的,所以即便是小麦一年两季非常忙碌,也没有影响朝廷的征兵。

瞧瞧,所有事情有利也有弊,如果府兵人家种冬小麦,那一年也不用打仗了,在家种田都忙不过来。

其兴也勃焉,其亡也忽焉,隋唐的关陇军事集团随着时间的推移越来越拉胯的部分原因也在于此,一开始关中都种粟米,大家到了九月收割完就兴冲冲地提着刀继续上战场收割人头了,打到明年开春都没事。

后来学着北齐种小麦,一开始收获是多了,但是府兵人家没了时间去打仗,而且无休的两季麦会导致关中平原土壤肥力连年下降,最后产量反而不如当初一季的粟米。

天时大于地理,地理大于人和。小冰河期的天气背景下,迫使了人们选择亩产率更高的小麦来代替粟米,但会一年到头忙于种田导致府兵的作战、训练时间急剧下降。所以粮少地狭的关陇军事集团一开始始终是处于被动挨打的情况,但是随着时间和地盘的推移,以粟米为主食的关陇府兵,每年的训练和作战时间开始大大超出山东军事集团,不同的选择产生了不同的结果,随着六镇胡兵的老去,汉儿兵开始成为主要兵源,山东军事集团对关陇军事集团的战斗力优势逐年稳步下滑,这也是西魏灭亡东魏的原因之一。

至于隋唐府兵制消亡的原因,只能说每种制度都有其适用范围,胡汉混合的府兵制,以粟米为主食,在不超过中原传统势力范围里的战争确实好用。大家种完田就可以去打仗,种田砍人两不误,动员效率又高。再远,就不太好使喽。

隋唐帝国的疆域与日俱增的同时,府兵的作战半径也越来越远。响应帝国号召的府兵人家甚至会去西域打仗,且不论能不能活着回家,动不动一两年的远征,地里的两季麦也都荒废了。

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