选择二.3第三十一章-小护士讲防疫5(0.1)(2 / 2)

“《工作细胞》?”苏天纵眨了眨眼睛说道:“好,我记住了,回去就看。”

“这里我先给你讲一下,人体的免疫系统。”任忆雪用纸巾擦了擦嘴角,将三道菜推倒苏天纵面前说:“这红菜汤很有特色,你也尝尝。我接着讲:

第一个披挂上阵的叫巨噬细胞。顾名思义,巨噬细胞的一项本事是吞噬,也就是吃。吃什么?任何外来异物它都吃,混进体内的灰尘、死亡细胞、癌变细胞、细菌,还有我们正在说的病毒。

巨噬细胞不一定能把所有病毒都吃掉。为了保证安全,发现病毒入侵的时候,我们的免疫系统会有不止一个措施。所以,巨噬细胞接下来会发布通知,启动下一级免疫反应。

为了做到这一点,巨噬细胞要完成一个很有技术含量的操作,叫作“抗原呈现”。这个词翻译成大白话就是一种报警信号。巨噬细胞把病毒切碎之后,从这些碎片里挑出最有代表性的一个。

所谓代表性,意思就是:别人只需要看这个碎片就知道这来自哪种病毒。就好像汽车车头上那个车标。一辆汽车就算碎成渣,只要从残片里看到这个车标,就能判断出这原来是个什么车。

巨噬细胞找的就是这样的特征性碎片。找到这样的病毒碎片,巨噬细胞就把它顶在自己的头上,就好像是在头顶插了一朵花。这样去通知别的免疫细胞,对方就能够针对这种特定的病毒采取措施。

巨噬细胞(较小,呈白色)识别出一个癌细胞(较大,表面具有许多突起),在与癌细胞融合时,巨噬细胞会注入毒素来杀死癌细胞。

前面说的几种防御措施,黏液保护、炎症反应、巨噬细胞吞噬,这些都不是针对某种特殊病原体的反应,只要是外来物质入侵我们的身体会激发,所以这些防御反应叫作非特异性免疫反应。这种反应能力是与生俱来的。

巨噬细胞一旦执行抗原呈现,接下来发生的事就不一样了:免疫系统现在要成立一个专案小组,专门来消灭它刚刚发现的这种病原体。

巨噬细胞把标志性病毒碎片插到头顶之后,会顺着淋巴管走,来到附近的淋巴结。淋巴结里常驻着一种免疫细胞,叫作T淋巴细胞。T淋巴细胞成千上万,每个手里握有一把不同的“锁”。当然,叫它“锁”是为了便于理解它的功能。这锁的学名其实是叫作T淋巴细胞受体。

巨噬细胞顶着那个病毒标志来到淋巴结,然后跟淋巴结里的T淋巴细胞一一比对。相对于T淋巴细胞的受体来说,那些病毒标志就像是一把钥匙。巨噬细胞就是拿着钥匙,到T淋巴细胞手上找匹配的锁。一旦能跟某个T淋巴细胞手里的锁对上,这个T淋巴细胞就被“激活”了。

被激活的T淋巴细胞会开始大量繁育后代,不用多久,身体里就产生了一支T淋巴细胞大军。”

……………………

请翻阅下一章----选择二.3卷----选择二.3第三十二章-小护士讲防疫6

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