一日,赵谦收到一封信,他详阅后对诸葛清岚道:“是我姐姐来信,她说河西走廊风起云涌,为免奸人遂意,请我们前去,助陇西李氏一臂之力。”</p>
诸葛清岚道:“老子后人有一人名为李昙,辅佐赵惠文王。后来其出使秦国,数年后返回,其子李祟留在秦国,渐成陇西李氏,李昙第四子李玑则渐成赵郡李氏。陇西李氏在汉朝时以李广闻名,在李陵被匈奴俘虏后名望大降,沉寂数百年,魏晋时在乱世中兴起,自立为王,称霸一方。”</p>
赵谦道:“现在赵郡李氏以李顺为首,而陇西李氏以李怀素为首。听闻李怀素此人沉稳儒雅,骁勇善战,我也颇想一会。但陇西李氏与匈奴沮渠乃是世敌,我姐姐让我们襄助陇西李氏,不知是否与沮渠准有干系?”</p>
诸葛清岚道:“多猜无益,还是尽快赶到河西为妙。”</p>
赵谦点头。</p>
河西走廊东望黄河,西通西域,南连祈连山脉,北接戈壁沙漠,既是沙漠中的绿洲,又是关中的一道屏障,更是通往西域的必经之路。汉武帝开辟河西四郡,即武威郡、张掖郡、酒泉郡、敦煌郡,使得此地汇聚了汉族和西北胡人各族人民,成为丝绸之路的枢纽地带。</p>
东汉与羌族战火不断,凉州破败,不受朝廷重视,凉州豪族还经常受到政治压迫。而凉州豪族与羌族杂居,羌人不断汉化,汉人不断羌化,后联手叛乱。曹操虽平定陇右,但对河西放任自流,后曹真收复河西走廊,打通西域。</p>
出自凉州的姜维多次领兵夺取河西走廊,使得魏晋渐渐加深对河西走廊的重视,安定胡氏等豪族被重用,雍凉豪族从武力豪族向文化士族转变,渐渐心向魏晋。刘石之乱时期,雍凉豪族忠肝义胆,血染沙场,将五胡乱华推迟十年。前凉张氏,文治武功,为十六国之首,使得入侵中原的胡人减少近十分之一,也使河西走廊成为乱世之中的世外桃源。</p>
季羡林曾言:“世界上历史悠久、地域广阔、自成体系、影响深远的文化体系只有四个:中国、印度、希腊、***,再没有第五个;而这四个文化体系汇流的地方只有一个,就是中国的河西走廊敦煌和新疆地区,再没有第二个了。”</p>
如此独一无二的地理位置,使河西走廊为东西文化的交流做出了无可比拟的贡献。河西的文化水平曾超越中原,“区区河右,学者埒于中原”,而中原经学的复兴,很大程度上仰仗河西。陈寅恪在《隋唐制度渊源略论稿》中说:“秦凉诸州西北一隅之地,其文化上续汉魏、西晋之学风,下开魏齐、隋唐之制度,承前启后,继绝扶衰,五百年间延绵一脉。”</p>
439年,拓跋焘将河西无数奇珍异宝和包括建筑学家、数学家、天文学家、经济学家、经学家在内的三万多户吏民迁至平城,此举堪称中国历史上首次大规模人才争夺计划。这些人对北魏的发展起到举足轻重的作用,河西人才也因此尽失。崔浩特别敬重河西士人,张湛、宗钦、段承根都是河西著名儒者,对崔浩完成《易经》的注释提供了很大的助力。</p>
河西走廊上,往来商旅无数。赵谦与诸葛清岚骑马直走半日后,在一处茶馆休憩,赵谦见一路行来,地势渐高,便对诸葛清岚道:“由此往西域,层层渐高,足以俯瞰关中,若挥兵直取关中,恐怕并非难事。”</p>
<--di--!>
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