第三百一十六章 道家千年(1 / 2)

青衫无墨 细雨无商 0 字 2021-03-13

远古黄帝至周,上下两千年,道家之学绵绵磅礴,其源于黄帝征战天下,起于伊尹辅商灭夏,长于姜尚兴周灭商,见于辛甲虞人之箴,成于老子过关入秦。</p>

单氏取周,老子西出函谷关,古道即衰,裂为百家,各树一帜,名家、阴阳家得道家之玄虚,儒家得道家之人生实践,法家得道家之刻忍,兵家、纵横家得道家之阴谋,墨家得道家之慈检,农家得道家之齐万物平贵贱,小说家得道家之寓言。其中,儒家承道家之笃实,以六艺普教人民,渐成其大。</p>

司马谈《论六家要旨》有言:道家使人精神专一,动合无形,赡足万物。其为术也,因阴阳之大顺,采儒墨之善,撮名法之要,与时迁移,应物变化,立俗施事,无所不宜,指约而易操,事少而功多。</p>

中原百家争鸣,群星璀璨,圣人辈出,后来黄老力压百家,风头之盛,一时无两。《汉书·艺文志序》载:“王道既微,诸侯力政,时君世主。好恶殊方,是以九家之术,峰出并作,各引一端,崇其所善,以此驰说,取合诸侯。”此时,哲学由心学取代神学,支配了以后两千多年的思想格局及流变。《庄子·天下篇》把当时的学者概括为八家,除阴阳、儒、墨、名外,其余皆属道家。《荀子·解蔽》和《尸子·广泽》各列六家,其中道家均占一半。《吕氏春秋·不二》所列十家,道家占五家。</p>

但有阳必有阴,有正必有反,《汉书·艺文志》言:“凡诸子百八十九家”,《隋书·经籍志》、《四库全书总目》记载有上千家。众人各执一词,异端尽出,争鸣不休,相互诘难,文人的劣根性暴露无遗。庄子在《庄子·天下》中感慨:“天下大乱,贤圣不明,道德不一。……悲夫!百家往而不反,必不合矣!后世之学者,不幸不见天地之纯,古人之大体。道术将为天下裂。”</p>

元光元年,在董仲舒的提议下,汉武帝刘彻推明孔氏、表章六经、抑黜百家,重点针对的便是墨家、纵横家与道家。董仲舒提出“三纲五常”,歪曲儒家,又不顾老子之言“天之所恶,孰知其故”,扭曲庄子的“天人合一”,吸收阴阳家的五行天命说,提出“天人感应”之说,打压道家,导致了两汉的谶纬之风极度盛行。虽说董仲舒标榜经学,但其《离合根》、《立元神》、《保位权》三篇所言致治之本,仍以无为为道,以不私为宝,《春秋繁露》仍以黄老之说为根本。</p>

自董仲舒后,正统儒家几乎绝迹,新儒家大行其道,道家在多方压迫下退居二线。道家地位的改变使道家异端思想渐渐出现,被不轨之人利用,为道教的出现埋下祸根。</p>

虽说道家隐而不彰,但历史上每次拨乱反正,都少不了道家的身影。不过由于历代史官,除了司马迁属道家之外,其余均属儒家,青史背后的道家人士多不为世人所知。</p>

魏晋时期,学者对儒家绝望,改向道家,玄学复兴。儒者恶意篡改删减《老子》、《庄子》,使原本简明易懂的语句,变的晦涩难懂,还参杂了儒家的天鬼说、寡言说、退让说、废武说、济贫说、讥俗说,主张适性逍遥,指责老子不如圣人,扭曲庄子的逍遥论。弃儒求道的文人墨客手把尘尾,清谈玄理,污引老庄,强为放达,逃避现实,毫无益处,与黄老道家背道而驰。黄老道家彻底灭绝。</p>

诸葛渊言简意赅,将道家由生自灭尽数讲述。赵谦如醍醐灌顶,喃喃道:“原来如此。”</p>

诸葛渊从怀中掏出一本薄书,递给诸葛清岚道:“这本书,你和赵谦要多加研读。”</p>

诸葛清岚接过,见上面写着四个大字“金函玉镜”。</p>

赵谦一惊,暗道:“金函玉镜?难道是诸葛武侯的……”道:“此书珍贵异常,若被外人所得,只怕……”</p>

诸葛渊道:“此书只有修习道家心法,并且兼习奇门遁甲、八阵图之人才能研习,他人得之也是无用。并且,只有你和清岚结婚之后方可修炼。”</p>

诸葛清岚俏脸绯红,赵谦纳闷,道:“这是为何?”</p>

诸葛渊眼睑微抬,看向赵谦,没有回答,眼神当中充满深意,道:“水镜剑法的响之剑意,你领悟的如何?”</p>

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