第一百五十八章 鬼火剑骨(2 / 2)
小小蚌妖仙
鱼唇de人类
0 字
2021-03-19
由于原生的孔雀鱼拥有多种的色彩花样,所以也被大家称为彩虹鱼。孔雀鱼会用它朝上翘的嘴吃掉靠近水面的蚊子幼虫,所以野生的孔雀鱼曾在1930年代,被引进新加坡,来控制红树林沼泽地的蚊子数量。根据各项资料的记载,玩赏改良的孔雀鱼的风气最迟在1950年代就已开始。
在中国玩家争相饲养改良之下,像马赛克、草尾、蛇纹一类鱼只的品质,认为马赛克尾部要有红、黄、黑三种颜色构成。台湾方面则以偏好红底黑纹或蓝底黑纹的颜色。尾部和尾鳍多彩较丰富。
在自然界中,有蓝色泽的个体一般来说是偏少的。
孔雀鱼体延长,雌雄鱼的体型和色彩差别较大,雄鱼身体瘦小,体长3-4厘米,雌鱼体长6厘米,其尾柄及尾鳍占全身的13以上,各鳍均较雄鱼的短。前部略呈楔状,后部侧扁。雌鱼的腹部膨大圆突。头部中大,吻部短小。眼大,侧位;眼间区及吻背颇为平直。口小,斜裂,下位;口裂远不及眼前缘的下方。体被有大型的圆鳞;纵列鳞26-28;背前鳞11-13。雄鱼背鳍鳍条常会延长,雌鱼则小而圆,背鳍软条数7-8;雄鱼的臀鳍第3、4、5鳍条特化而成一延长的交接器,交接器仅略长于腹鳍长,雌鱼则正常的扇形,在背鳍略前,鳍条数8-9;胸鳍鳍条数13-14;腹鳍腹位,鳍条数5;雄鱼尾鳍外形变异很大,随品系而有不同;雌鱼则大多呈长圆形。
体黄褐色,具有金色光泽,但体色的变异很大,常具有鲜丽的橘黄色或蓝青色斑纹。成长后雌鱼的体色较单调而半透明,如同大肚鱼一般。较雄鱼体色逊色得多,多为单一银灰色,尾鳍上虽有一些花纹,均没有雄鱼的鲜艳。
孔雀鱼体形娇小,其身上的图案五彩缤纷,有的形如字母,称外文孔雀;有的像蛇纹,称蛇皮孔雀;有的似豹皮,称豹尾孔雀,等等。背鳍较长,尾鳍宽而长,约占全长的12以上,尾柄长度大于尾柄高度,背鳍软条7-8,臀鳍软条8-10。其身体及背鳍、尾鳍的颜色五彩缤纷,主要有红色、蓝色、黑色、黄色、绿色、虎皮色及杂色等。尾鳍和体腹上有蓝红色圆斑,其周围有淡色花纹,似孔雀尾翎花色,故以此得名。
雌鱼身体较粗壮,最大体长可达7厘米左右,体色暗淡,呈肉色,稍透明,背鳍和尾鳍的颜色较雄鱼逊色得多,多为单一银灰色,尾鳍上虽有一些花纹,但没有雄鱼的鲜艳,雌鱼的各鳍均较雄鱼的短,而体长约为雄鱼的2倍。
孔雀鱼身体后部侧扁,尾巴形状多样而又艳丽漂亮,根据其尾鳍的形状,可分为上剑尾、下剑尾、双剑尾、琴尾、针尾、圆尾、旗尾、扇尾、三角尾、尖尾、长尾、齿尾、大尾等品种。各品种之间相互杂交又产生了纷繁多样的后代,所以孔雀鱼尽管品种繁多,但很难找到两尾完全相同的孔雀鱼来,这也正是孔雀鱼的魅力所在。
栖息在温暖的泉水和杂草丛生的沟渠、运河。出现在各种栖息地,从低海拔浊度高的池塘、运河和沟渠到高海拔原始的山区溪流。能容忍宽的盐度范围,但需要相当温暖的温度和有植被的平静水域。
孔雀鱼性情温和,能与温和的中小性型热带鱼混养,平时活泼好动,寿命较短。孔雀鱼为杂食性小型鱼种,对环境的适应能力十分强韧。孔雀鱼适应性很强,在没有调温和充气设备的水族箱中生活良好。能耐16c低温和耐受较脏的水质,也能适应中性质。
吃浮游动物,小昆虫和碎屑。主要吃昆虫,包括蠓科昆虫、摇蚊、家蚊、双翅目、同翅目和半翅目昆虫。
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