第11章 说符篇(2)(1 / 2)

列子 列御寇 1544 字 2022-08-27

秦穆公谓伯乐曰:「子之年长矣,子姓有可使求马者乎?」伯乐对曰:「良马可形容筋骨相也。天下之马者,若灭若没,若亡若失。若此者绝尘弭辙。臣之子皆下才也,可告以良马,不可告以天下之马也。臣有所与共担纆薪菜者,有九方皋,此其于马非臣之下也。请见之。」穆公见之,使行求马。三月而反报曰:「已得之矣,在沙丘。」穆公曰:「何马也?」对曰:「牝而黄。」使人往取之,牡而骊。穆公不说,召伯乐而谓之曰:「败矣,子所使求马者!色物、牝牡尚弗能知,又何马之能知也?」伯乐喟然太息曰:「一至于此乎?是乃其所以千万臣而无数者也。若皋之所观天机也,得其精而忘其麤,在其内而忘其外;见其所见,不见其所不见;视其所视,而遗其所不视。若皋之相者,乃有贵乎马者也。」马至,果天下之马也。

楚庄王问詹何曰:「治国柰何!」詹何对曰:「臣明于治身而不明于治国也。」楚庄王曰:「寡人得奉宗庙社稷,愿学所以守之。」詹何对曰:「臣未尝闻身治而国乱者也,又未尝闻身乱而国治者也。故本在身,不敢对以末。」楚王曰:「善。」

狐丘丈人谓孙叔敖曰:「人有三怨,子之知乎?」孙叔敖曰:「何谓也?」对曰:「爵高者,人妒之;官大者,主恶之;禄厚者,怨逮之。」孙叔敖曰:「吾爵益高,吾志益下;吾官益大,吾心益小;吾禄益厚,吾施益博。以是免于三怨,可乎?」

孙叔敖疾,将死,戒其子曰:「王亟封我矣,吾不受也。为我死,王则封汝。汝必无受利地!楚越之间有寝丘者,此地不利而名甚恶。楚人鬼而越人禨,可长有者唯此也。」孙叔敖死,王果以美地封其子。子辞而不受;请寝丘,与之,至今不失。

牛缺者,上地之大儒也,下之邯郸,遇盗于耦沙之中,尽取其衣装车,牛步而去。视之,欢然无忧吝之色。盗追而问其故。曰:「君子不以所养害其所养。」盗曰:「嘻!贤矣夫!」既而相谓曰:「以彼之贤,往见赵君,使以我为,必困我。不如杀之。」乃相与追而杀之。燕人闻之,聚族相戒,曰:「遇盗,莫如上地之牛缺也!」皆受教。俄而其弟适秦。至关下,果遇盗;忆其兄之戒,因与盗力争。既而不如,又追而以卑辞请物。盗怒曰:「吾活汝弘矣,而追吾不已,迹将箸焉。既为盗矣,仁将焉在?」遂杀之,又傍害其党四、五人焉。

虞氏者,梁之富人也,家充殷盛,钱帛无量,财货无訾。登高楼,临大路,设乐陈酒,击博楼上。侠客相随而行。楼上博者射,明琼张中,反两榻鱼而笑。飞鸢适坠其腐鼠而中之。侠客相与言曰:「虞氏富乐之日久矣,而常有轻易人之志。吾不侵犯之,而乃辱我以腐鼠。此而不报,无以立慬于天下。请与若等戮力一志,率徒属必灭其家为。」等伦皆许诺。至期日之夜,聚众积兵以攻虞氏,大灭其家。

东方有人焉,曰爰旌目,将有适也,而饿于道。狐父之盗曰丘,见而下壶餐以餔之。爰旌目三餔而后能视,曰:「子何为者也?」曰:「我狐父之人丘也。」爰旌目曰:「嘻!汝非盗邪?胡为而食我?吾义不食子之食也。」两手据地而欧之,不出,喀喀然,遂伏而死。狐父之人则盗矣,而食非盗也。以人之盗因谓食为盗而不敢食,是失名实者也。

柱厉叔事莒敖公,自为不知己,去,居海上。夏日则食菱芰,冬日则食橡栗。莒敖公有难,柱厉叔辞其友而往死之。其友曰:「子自以为不知己,故去。今往死之,是知与不知无辨也。」柱厉叔曰:「不然;自以为不知,故去。今死,是果不知我也。吾将死之,以丑后世之人主不知其臣者也。」凡知则死之,不知则弗死,此直道而行者也。柱厉叔可谓怼以忘其身者也。

杨朱曰:「利出者实及,怨往者害来。发于此而应于外者唯请,是故贤者慎所出。」

杨子之邻人亡羊,既率其党,又请杨子之竖追之。杨子曰:「嘻!亡一羊,何追者之众?」邻人曰:「多歧路。」既反,问:「获羊乎?」曰:「亡之矣。」曰:「奚亡之?」曰:「歧路之中又有歧焉,吾不知所之,所以反也。」杨子戚然变容,不言者移时,不笑者竟日。门人怪之,请曰:「羊,贱畜;又非夫子之有,而损言笑者,何哉?」杨子不答。门人不获所命。弟子孟孙阳出,以告心都子。心都子他日与孟孙阳偕入,而问曰:「昔有昆弟三人,游齐鲁之间,同师而学,进仁义之道而归。其父曰:『仁义之道若何?』伯曰:『仁义使我爱身而后名。』仲曰:『仁义使我杀身以成名。』叔曰:『仁义使我身名并全。』彼三术相反,而同出于儒。孰是孰非邪?」杨子曰:「人有滨河而居者,习于水,勇于泅,操舟鬻渡,利供百口。裹粮就学者成徒,而溺死者几半。本学泅,不学溺,而利害如此。若以为孰是孰非?」心都子嘿然而出。孟孙阳让之曰:「何吾子问之迂,夫子答之僻?吾惑愈甚。」心都子曰:「大道以多歧亡羊,学者以多方丧生。学非本不同,非本不一,而末异若是。唯归同反一,为亡得丧。子长先生之门,习先生之道,而不达先生之况也,哀哉!」

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