第7章 汤问篇(2)(2 / 2)

列子 列御寇 1593 字 2022-08-27

周穆王西巡狩,越昆仑,不至弇山。反还,未及中国,道有献工人名偃师,穆王荐之,问曰:「若有何能?」偃师曰:「臣唯命所试。然臣已有所造,愿王先观之。」穆王曰:「日以俱来,吾与若俱观之。」越日偃师谒见王。王荐之,曰:「若与偕来者何人邪?」对曰:「臣之所造能倡者。」穆王惊视之,趣步俯仰,信人也。巧夫顉其颐,则歌合律;捧其手,则舞应节。千变万化,惟意所适。王以为实人也,与盛姬内御并观之。技将终,倡者瞬其目而招王之左右侍妾。王大怒,立欲诛偃师。偃师大慑,立剖散倡者以示王,皆傅会革、木、胶、漆、白、黑、丹、青之所为。王谛料之,内则肝、胆、心、肺、脾、肾、肠、胃,外则筋骨、支节、皮毛、齿发,皆假物也,而无不毕具者。合会复如初见。王试废其心,则口不能言;废其肝,则目不能视;废其肾,则足不能步。穆王始悦而叹曰:「人之巧乃可与造化者同功乎?」诏贰车载之以归。夫班输之云梯,墨翟之飞鸢,自谓能之极也。弟子东门贾禽滑厘闻偃师之巧以告二子,二子终身不敢语艺,而时执规矩。

甘蝇,古之善射者,彀弓而兽伏鸟下,弟子名飞卫,学射于甘蝇,而巧过其师。纪昌者,又学射于飞卫。飞卫曰:「尔先学不瞬,而后可言射矣。」纪昌归,偃卧其妻之机下,以目承牵挺。二年之后,虽锥末倒眦,而不瞬也。以告飞卫。飞卫曰:「未也;必学视而后可。视小如大,视微如着,而后告我。」昌以牦悬虱于牖,南面而望之。旬日之间,浸大也;三年之后,如车轮焉。以睹余物,皆丘山也。及以燕角之弧、朔蓬之簳射之,贯虱之心,而悬不绝。以告飞卫。飞卫高蹈拊膺曰:「汝得之矣!」纪昌既尽卫之术,计天下之敌己者,一人而已;乃谋杀飞卫。相遇于野,二人交射;中路矢锋相触,而坠于地,而尘不扬。飞卫之矢先穷。纪昌遗一矢;既发,飞卫以棘刺之端扞之,而无差焉。于是二子泣而投弓,相拜于涂,请为父子。克臂以誓,不得告术于人。

造父之师曰泰豆氏。造父之始从习御也,执礼甚卑,泰豆三年不告。造父执礼愈谨,乃告之曰:「古诗言:『良弓之子,必先为箕;良冶之子,必先为裘。』汝先观吾趣。趣如吾,然后六辔可持,六马可御。」造父曰:「唯命所从。」泰豆乃立木为涂,仅可容足;计步而置,履之而行。趣走往还,无跌失也。造父学之,三日尽其巧。泰豆叹曰:「子何其敏也?得之捷乎!凡所御者,亦如此也。曩汝之行,得之于足,应之于心。推于御也,齐辑乎辔衔之际,而急缓乎唇吻之和,正度乎胸臆之中,而执节乎掌握之间。内得于中心,而外合于马志,是故能进退履绳而旋曲中规矩,取道致远而气力有余,诚得其术也。得之于衔,应之于辔;得之于辔,应之于手;得之于手,应之于心。则不以目视,不以策驱;心闲体正,六辔不乱,而二十四蹄所投无差;回旋进退,莫不中节。然后舆轮之外可使无余辙,马蹄之外可使无余地;未尝觉山谷之崄,原隰之夷,视之一也。吾术穷矣。汝其识之!」

魏黑卵以昵嫌杀丘邴章,丘邴章之子来丹谋报父之雠。丹气甚猛,形甚露,计粒而食,顺风而趋。虽怒,不能称兵以报之。耻假力于人,誓手剑以屠黑卵。黑卵悍志绝众,力抗百夫。节骨皮肉,非人类也。延颈承刀,披胸受矢,铓锷摧屈,而体无痕挞。负其材力,视来丹犹雏鷇也。来丹之友申他曰:「子怨黑卵至矣,黑卵之易子过矣,将奚谋焉?」来丹垂涕曰:「愿子为我谋。」申他曰:「吾闻卫孔周其祖得殷帝之宝剑,一童子服之,却三军之众,奚不请焉?」来丹遂适卫,见孔周,执仆御之礼,请先纳妻子,后言所欲。孔周曰:「吾有三剑,唯子所择;皆不能杀人,且先言其状。一曰含光,视之不可见,运之不知有。其所触也,泯然无际,经物而物不觉。二曰承影,将旦昧爽之交,日夕昏明之际,北面而察之,淡淡焉若有物存,莫识其状。其所触也,窃窃然有声,经物而物不疾也。三曰宵练,方昼则见影而不见光,方夜见光而不见形。其触物也,騞然而过,随过随合,觉疾而不血刃焉。此三宝者,传之十三世矣,而无施于事。匣而藏之,未尝启封。」来丹曰:「虽然,吾必请其下者。」孔周乃归其妻子,与斋七日。晏阴之间,跪而授其下剑,来丹再拜受之以归。来丹遂执剑从黑卵。时黑卵之醉偃于牖下,自颈至腰三斩之。黑卵不觉。来丹以黑卵之死,趣而退。遇黑卵之子于门,击之三下,如投虚。黑卵之子方笑曰:「汝何蚩而三招予?」来丹知剑之不能杀人也,叹而归。黑卵既醒,怒其妻曰:「醉而露我,使我嗌疾而腰急。」其子曰:「畴昔来丹之来,遇我于门,三招我,亦使我体疾而支强。彼其厌我哉!」

周穆王大征西戎,西戎献锟铻之剑,火浣之布。其剑长尺有咫,练钢赤刃;用之切玉如切泥焉。火浣之布,浣之必投于火;布则火色,垢则布色;出火而振之,皓然疑乎雪。皇子以为无此物,传之者妄。萧叔曰:「皇子果于自信,果于诬理哉!」

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