殷汤问于夏革曰:「古初有物乎?」夏革曰:「古初无物,今恶得物?后之人将谓今之无物,可乎?」殷汤曰:「然则物无先后乎?」夏革曰:「物之终始,初无极已。始或为终,终或为始,恶知其纪?然自物之外,自事之先,朕所不知也。」殷汤曰:「然则上下八方有极尽乎?」革曰:「不知也。」汤固问。革曰:「无则无极,有则有尽;朕何以知之?然无极之外复无无极,无尽之中复无无尽。无极复无无极,无尽复无无尽。朕以是知其无极无尽也,而不知其有极有尽也。」汤又问曰:「四海之外奚有?」革曰:「犹齐州也。」汤曰:「汝奚以实之?」革曰:「朕东行至营,人民犹是也。问营之东,复犹营也。西行至豳,人民犹是也。问豳之西,复犹豳也。朕以是知四海、四荒、四极之不异是也。故大小相含,无穷极也。含万物者,亦如含天地。含万物也故不穷,含天地也故无极。朕亦焉知天地之表不有大天地者乎?亦吾所不知也。然则天地亦物也。物有不足,故昔者女娲氏练五色石以补其阙;断鳌之足以立四极。其后共工氏与颛顼争为帝,怒而触不周之山,折天柱,绝地维;故天倾西北,日月辰星就焉;地不满东南,故百川水潦归焉。」汤又问:「物有巨细乎?有修短乎?有同异乎?」革曰:「渤海之东不知几亿万里,有大壑焉,实惟无底之谷,其下无底,名曰归墟。八弦九野之水,天汉之流,莫不注之,而无增无减焉。其中有五山焉:一曰岱舆,二曰员峤,三曰方壶,四曰瀛洲,五曰蓬莱。其山高下周旋三万里,其顶平处九千里。山之中闲相去七万里,以为邻居焉。其上台观皆金玉,其上禽兽皆纯缟。珠玕之树皆丛生,华实皆有滋味;食之皆不老不死。所居之人皆仙圣之种;一日一夕飞相往来者,不可数焉。而五山之根无所连箸,常随潮波上下往还,不得蹔峙焉。仙圣毒之,诉之于帝。帝恐流于西极,失群仙圣之居,乃命禺强使巨鳌十五举首而戴之。迭为三番,六万岁一交焉。五山始峙而不动。而龙伯之国有大人,举足不盈数步而暨五山之所,一钓而连六鳌,合负而趣归其国,灼其骨以数焉。于是岱舆员峤二山流于北极,沈于大海,仙圣之播迁者巨亿计。帝凭怒,侵减龙伯之国使阨,侵小龙伯之民使短。至伏羲神农时,其国人犹数十丈。从中州以东四十万里得僬侥国,人长一尺五寸。东北极有人名曰诤人,长九寸。荆之南有冥灵者,以五百岁为春,五百岁为秋。上古有大椿者,以八千岁为春,八千岁为秋。朽壤之上有菌芝者,生于朝,死于晦。春夏之月有蠓蚋者,因雨而生,见阳而死。终北之北有溟海者,天池也,有鱼焉,其广数千里,其长称焉,其名为鲲。有鸟焉,其名为鹏,翼若垂天之云,其体称焉。世岂知有此物哉?大禹行而见之,伯益知而名之,夷坚闻而志之。江浦之间生么虫,其名曰焦螟,群飞而集于蚊睫,弗相触也。栖宿去来,蚊弗觉也。离朱子羽方昼拭眦扬眉而望之,弗见其形;(角虒)俞师旷方夜擿耳俛首而听之,弗闻其声。唯黄帝与容成子居空峒之上,同斋三月,心死形废;徐以神视,块然见之,若嵩山之阿;徐以气听,砰然闻之,若雷霆之声。吴楚之国有大木焉,其名为柚。碧树而冬生,实丹而味酸。食其皮汁,已愤厥之疾。齐州珍之,渡淮而北而化为枳焉。(瞿鸟)鹆不踰济,貉踰汶则死矣;地气然也。虽然,形气异也,性钧已,无相易已。生皆全已,分皆足已。吾何以识其巨细?何以识其修短?何以识其同异哉?」
太形、王屋二山,方七百里,高万仞;本在冀州之南,河阳之北。北山愚公者,年且九十,面山而居。惩山北之塞,出入之迂也,聚室而谋,曰:「吾与汝毕力平险,指通豫南,达于汉阴,可乎?」杂然相许。其妻献疑曰:「以君之力,曾不能损魁父之丘。如太形王屋何?且焉置土石?」杂曰:「投诸渤海之尾,隐土之北。」遂率子孙荷担者三夫,叩石垦壤,箕畚运于渤海之尾。邻人京城氏之孀妻有遗男,始龀,跳往助之。寒暑易节,始一反焉。河曲智叟笑而止之,曰:「甚矣!汝之不惠!以残年余力,曾不能毁山之一毛;其如土石何?」北山愚公长息曰:「汝心之固,固不可彻;曾不若孀妻弱子。虽我之死,有子存焉。子又生孙,孙又生子;子又有子,子又有孙:子子孙孙,无穷匮也;而山不加增,何苦而不平?」河曲智叟亡以应。操蛇之神闻之,惧其不已也,告之于帝。帝感其诚,命夸蛾氏二子负二山,一厝朔东,一厝雍南。自此,冀之南、汉之阴无陇断焉。
夸父不量力,欲追日影,逐之于隅谷之际。欲得饮,赴饮河渭。河渭不足,将走北饮大泽。未至,道渴而死。弃其杖,尸膏肉所浸,生邓林。邓林弥广数千里焉。
大禹曰:「六合之间,四海之内,照之以日月,经之以星辰,纪之以四时,要之以太岁。神灵所生,其物异形;或夭或寿,唯圣人能通其道。」夏革曰:「然则亦有不待神灵而生,不待阴阳而形,不待日月而明,不待杀戳而夭,不待将迎而寿,不待五谷而食,不待缯纩而衣,不待舟车而行,其道自然,非圣人之所通也。」
禹之治水土也,迷而失涂,谬之一国。滨北海之北,不知距齐州几千万里。其国名曰终北,不知际畔之所齐限,无风雨霜露,不生鸟兽、虫鱼、草木之类。四方悉平,周以乔陟。当国之中有山,山名壶领,状若甔甀。顶有口,状若员环,名曰滋穴。有水涌出,名曰神瀵,臭过兰椒,味过醪醴。一源分为四埒,注于山下。经营一国,亡不悉遍。土气和,亡札厉。人性婉而从物,不竞不争。柔心而弱骨,不骄不忌;长幼侪居。不君不臣;男女杂游,不媒不聘;缘水而居,不耕不稼。土气温适,不织不衣;百年而死,不夭不病。其民孳阜亡数,有喜乐,亡衰老哀苦。其俗好声,相携而迭谣,终日不辍音。饥惓则饮神瀵,力志和平。过则醉,经旬乃醒。沐浴神瀵,肤色脂泽,香气经旬乃歇。周穆王北游过其国,三年忘归。既反周室,慕其国,恍然自失。不进酒肉,不召嫔御者,数月乃复。管仲勉齐桓公因游辽口,俱之其国,几克举。隰朋谏曰:「君舍齐国之广,人民之众,山川之观,殖物之阜,礼义之盛,章服之美;妖靡盈庭,忠良满朝。肆咤则徒卒百万,视撝则诸侯从命,亦奚羡于彼而弃齐国之社稷,从戎夷之国乎?此仲父之耄,柰何从之?」桓公乃止,以隰朋之言告管仲。仲曰:「此固非朋之所及也。臣恐彼国之不可知之也。齐国之富奚恋?隰朋之言奚顾?」
南国之人祝发而裸,北国之人鞨巾而裘,中国之人冠冕而裳。九土所资,或农或商,或田或渔;如冬裘夏葛,水舟陆车。默而得之,性而成之。越之东有辄沐之国,其长子生,则鲜而食之,谓之宜弟。其大父死,负其大母而弃之,曰:鬼妻不可以同居处。楚之南有炎人之国,其亲戚死,剐其肉而弃之,然后埋其骨,乃成为孝子。秦之西有仪渠之国者,其亲戚死,聚祡积而焚之。熏则烟上,谓之登遐,然后成为孝子。此上以为政,下以为俗,而未足为异也。」
孔子东游,见两小儿辩斗。问其故。一儿曰:「我以日始出时去人近,而日中时远也。一儿以日初出远,而日中时近也。」一儿曰:「日初出大如车盖;及日中,则如盘盂:此不为远者小而近者大乎?」一儿曰:「日初出沧沧凉凉;及其日中如探汤:此不为近者热而远者凉乎?」孔子不能决也。两小儿笑曰:「孰为汝多知乎?」
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