薗攷轿麙髨存神观想法褙(1 / 1)

大修真时代 殊同 967 字 2023-03-06

《内景经》还对《存思法》进行详细阐述。早期道教《太平经》中就有存思五脏神万病都可消除的说法,《内景经》继承这一思想并加以进一步发挥。认为“存思百念视节度”,即要求存思身中百神,呼吸上下如一而除杂念。并认为“可用存思登虚空”,这是把存思之法当作学仙之道。可以说,存思是道教上清派典型的修炼方法,也是《内景经》的核心内容。所谓存思之法,《内景经》中包含两个方面内容,一是指存思身内诸神,另外指存思身外之物。

道教认为人体多神,而以五脏神为主,故重视存思五脏神的色、形、气、服饰、姓名等。《内景经》对于存思心、肝、脾、肺、肾等五脏神,都分别加以论述,其中对存思心神的论述最多。如经中述道:“心典一体五藏(脏)王,动静念之道德行,清洁善气自明光,坐起吾俱共栋梁,昼日曜景暮闭藏,通利华精调阴阳。”这是认为心有神灵,且是五脏之王,倘若经常存思心神,那么阴阳和顺,脏腑调匀,均无疾病。存思肝神:“肝气郁勃清且长,罗列六府生三光,……五色云气纷青葱,闭目内眄自相望。”

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肝属东方木位,主青,故肝气旺盛清而且长时,如东方之木主春,肝为生气之本,闭目冥想生气遍照体内五脏之腑,与脏腑相应,上为五色云,如日月星辰光亮明彻,久久即可自己内视脏腑。“内视”是存思法中一种重要思想,就是指修炼者闭目存思,潜神入定后,内观形体,神气充溢而使体内朗然洞彻的景象。关于存思脾神:“脾长一尺掩太仓,中部老君治明堂,……黄衣紫带龙虎章,长精益命赖君王,三呼我名神自通。”脾居中宫,存思脾神,即可增长精气,延长寿命,心虚洞鉴,神灵自通。关于存思肺神:“肺部之宫似华盖,下有童子坐玉阙。……素锦衣裳黄云带,喘息呼吸体不快,急存白云和六气,神仙久视无灾害,同之不己形不滞。”肺为金宫,在五脏之上,状似华盖。

童子、白云都是指肺神。当喘息不定呼吸不畅、身体不快时,就赶紧存思肺神,便能调和六气而无灾害,常用此道,可保形体不枯衰。关于存思肾神:“肾部之宫玄阙园,中有童子冥上玄,……苍锦云衣舞龙幡,……百病千灾急当存,两部水王对门生,使人长生■九天。”肾为水宫。玄阙园,喻指肾之外形。童子、水王都是指肾神。当人正生病时,就应立即存思肾神,这样便能逢凶化吉,免除疾病而能升天成仙。

“三丹田” 《内景经》提出“三丹田”之说。关于三丹田之名,在此经之前的早期道教籍中尚未出现。《太平经》、《大洞真经》提到泥丸、心、脐等与之相关的名称,只有到了《内景经》才明确提出“三丹田”的概念。丹田有上、中、下之分,故合作“三田”。每一丹田中各居着一位神,故有“三神”。又因丹田之室,方圆一寸,故称寸田,下面分别简介三丹田。

一是关于吐纳行气的方法。《外景经》在《内景经》的基础上,继续强调这方面的内容,如“象龟引气至灵根”,“呼吸庐间入丹田”,讲的是人应当效法长寿之龟,引气到丹田,以保持体内元气。又如:“人尽食谷与五味,独食太和阴阳气”,“呼吸庐间以自偿,子保完坚身受庆”,讲的是常人都吃五谷,品五味,而修炼黄庭经者的形状只食太和阴阳气,以充实体内元气,经常这样做,就会使元气充足,神气合一身体健康无损。

二是关于咽津和宝精、固精的问题。道教常称津液为玉液、玉浆、醴泉、灵液等,认为此液由炼气而产生,是五脏之精华,甜美清香。若人们勤加修炼,漱津咽液,那么就以去病防病,强健身体。《外景经》很重视津液的作用,如“玉池清水灌灵根,审能修之可长存”,“玉池清水上生肥,灵根坚固老不衰”,“津液醴泉通六腑,随鼻上下开两耳,窥视天地存童子,调和精华治发齿,颜色光泽不复白”,可见经常叩齿咽津,可使齿坚发亮,童颜常驻,其妙无穷。历来道经甚重视宝精、固精的问题,《太平经》主张“人欲寿,当爱气尊神重精”,《内景经》也强调说:“急守精室勿妄泄,闭而宝之可长活。”《外景经》也强调固精、宝精的意义,如“长生要慎房中急,弃捐淫俗专子精……闭子精门可长活”,“急固子精以自持,……精神还归老复壮”。

三是恬淡无欲的思想。《外景经》反复强调这种思想,并在数处加以阐述:“物有自然道不烦,重拱无为身体安,虚无之居在帏间,寂寞廓然口不言”,“扶养性命守虚无,恬淡自乐何思虚”,“近存子身还自守,清静无为神留止”,“恬淡无欲养华茎,服食玄气可遂生”等等,这些都强调修炼者要恬淡无欲,清静无为、虚静自守。这些思想是对以老庄为代表的道家哲学思想加以继承,并有所发展,运用于存思修炼中。(未完待续)

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